Bronchoscopy: To visualize and assess the bronchial structure for diseases such as cancer and infection. The procedure has both diagnostic and therapeutic implications. PATIENT PREPARATION for Bronchoscopy There are no activity restrictions unless by medical direction....

Galactorrhea Description: Spontaneous, bilateral nipple discharge (milky fluid only). Prevalence: Uncommon, but reports vary from 1% to 30%, depending on the population studied. Predominant Age: Reproductive age. Genetics: No genetic pattern. ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS OF GALACTORRHEA Causes: Pituitary adenoma...

Uses Of Ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: Treatment of susceptible infections due to E. coli, K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, P.mirabilis, P. vulgaris, P. aeruginosa, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, S.pneumoniae, S. aureus (methicillin susceptible), S. epidermidis, S. pyogenes,...

Intrauterine Device (IUD) is a small plastic device that is inserted through the cervix and is retained in the uterus to prevent pregnancy. A string or strings hang from the IUD through the cervix...

Characteristics of the obstetric forceps  Forceps Delivery: All obstetric forceps are composed of two separate blades (determined as right and left by reference to their insertion around the fetal head within the maternal vagina), two...

Heart sounds are generated by blood flowing in and out of the heart’s chambers through the valves as they open and close. The first indication of heart disease may be the discovery of an abnormal sound on...

Aortic Valvular Stenosis (AS) is a narrowing of the aortic valve area causing obstruction to left ventricular (LV) outflow. The disease has a long asymptomatic latency period, but the development of severe obstruction or...

All living things are composed of cells. A single cell is the smallest unit that has all the characteristics of life. The cell is defined as the structural and functional unit of the living...